VNS Matrix was an artist collective founded in Adelaide in 1991 by Josephine Starrs, Julianne Pierce, Francesca da Rimini and Virginia Barratt. They presented several installations, events and public art works in Australia and internationally, working with new media, photography, sound and video. They were among the first artists to coin the term 'cyberfeminism' in the early 1990's and released the 'Cyberfeminist Manifesto for the 21st Century' in 1991. The impetus of the group was to investigate and decipher the narratives of domination and control which surround high technological culture, and explore the construction of social space, identity and sexuality in cyberspace.